Suchergebnisse

The article presents the main signs of political, economic and social reforms in the era of Turgut Ozal - a head of economic activity, the Prime Minister and the President of the Republic of Turkey during the 1980s and 1990s. Political ozalism (domestic and foreign policy), economic ozalism, social ozalism. Turgut Ozal 's ideology is a synthesis of technological Westernization and cultural Turkism and Islamism. Many Turkish scholars call his ideology "Turkish-Islamic synthesis" (Atila Eralp et al., 1993). Following the principles of the new ideology, Turkey has embarked on the path of achieving a special position in the international arena that would allow it to participate in global processes. it should be emphasized that Ottoman and Islamic culture was one part of the political course of Ozalism. The second half was economic and political liberalism. Such ambivalence or dualism of views is linked to Turgut Ozal's belief that modernization can only be carried out through liberalization. The Prime Minister of the Republic used economic liberalism to achieve political pluralism. The article outlines the peculiarities of the "Turkish miracle," which occurred as a result of the measures taken to thoroughly revise domestic economic regulation and state intervention in the economy. The essence of them was a significant reorganization, weakening the legal and de facto monopoly of the state over the economy of the country.

Мigration is one of the main factors, which is creating the modern world, with more than 60 million displaced people. The twenty-first century is a migrant century, since global mobility is a highly stratified phenomenon, ranging from a simple tourist to an illegal worker; Or as a "product" of traffickers to refugee status forced to leave their origin country because of climate change, poverty or wars. Thus, (forced) migration contributes to changes in the structures and institutions of global political, economic and social relations. Nowadays two major demographic trends in the European Union are: continuous population ageing and increasing of migration flows. The abolition of internal borders within the EU has contributed to the spread of concerns caused by security shortages and new challenges, leading to strengthen politicization and securitization of migration and granting shelter. There have been recent discussions in Germany about immigration, integration and multiculturalism. German Chancellor Angela Merkel acknowledged the crisis of Germany 's multiculturalism system. She also said efforts by the US and UK to promote diversity had only led to a weakening of national identity and increased extremist voices in immigrant communities. It is believed, that multiculturalism seems to have come its way. The multiculturalism has been criticized by the European Union. Criticism of far-right diversity management strategy has become a major part of European politics. In addition, from Scandinavian countries to Greece, anti-immigration parties and the number of votes has increased among the population concerned about the effects of growing diversity.